Following my hopefully getting towards three-quarters baked post there has been more helpful comments and discussion both here and on friendfeed. I wanted to pick out a specific issue that has come up in both places. At Friendfeed the discussion ran into the question of plagiarism more generally and why it is bad. Anders Norgaard made the point that plagiarism is bad regardless of whether it breaks rules or not and a discussion on why that is followed. I think the conclusion we came to is that plagiarism reduces value by making it more difficult to find the right person with the right expertise when you need something done. It reduces the value of the body of work in helping you find the person who can do the job that you need doing.
David Crotty, in a comment on the blog post makes a comment that I think probes the same issues:
Do you mind if I start a blog called “Science in the open” and pretend that my name is “Cameron Neylon” and then fill that blog with dreadful, hateful nonsense? After all, your name and your blog’s name aren’t limited physical resources, right?   Does ownership extend to your online identity? Isn’t using someone else’s logo a misrepresentation of identity?
Now this is important for two reasons, firstly because it probes the extreme end of my argument that “objects that can be infinitely copied should not be treated as property†and also because it revolves around the issue of identity. Reliable identity lies at the core of building the trust networks that make social web tools work. Does that mean it is one area where the full weight of property based law should be brought to bear? So I think this is worth unpicking in detail.
So, let’s start with the honest answer. If this happened I would be angry and upset. I would be likely to storm around the office/house a bit and possibly rant at people and objects that were unfortunate enough to cross my path. But after, hopefully, calming down a bit I hope I would follow something like the following course.
- Write the person a polite note explaining that they seem to have both the same name and same name of blog and that this probably is bad for both of us as there is the potential for confusion. Ambiguity is bad because it reduces trust in attribution. As I used these names first I would ask them to consider changing. I would assume it was a simple coincidence, a mistake made in good faith.
- If they did not I would dissociate myself publically from their work making a clear statement about where my work could be found. I would consider changing the name of my blog (after all it is the feed that people follow – does anyone care that much what it is called?), but not my name.
- If it was clear that this was a case of deliberate misrepresentation I would present the evidence that this was the case and request the help of the community to make that very publically clear.
My case is that allowing the free re-use of my name and my blog name ought to add value on average. Indeed my experience thus far is that, allowing people to use these names, to point to me and the work I have generated has indeed been net positive. I’ve never objected to people quoting me, using my name, reproducing blog posts, or whatever. Whether it’s “fair use†or a copyright violation, or appropriately licensed re-use is irrelevant. It’s all good because it brings more interested people to my blog and to me. One negative experience would probably not actually tip that balance.Several nasty ones might.
The key here is that the real resource is me. I am not infinitely replicable, no-one else can write my posts. The name is just a pointer. An important pointer and one which I will defend, in as much as I will try to make clear what I think and why I think it, as well as to be clear about who I am and why I say what I do. Someone who plagiarizes my work or reproduces it without attribution or someone who deliberately misrepresents what I write reduces the value of my work because they reduce the ability of people who are looking for someone with my expertise to use that work to find me.
But it is not the reproduction of work that is the problem here, it is the misrepresentation of its origin, either by an author falsely claiming it as theirs, or by some mis-attributing someone else’s work or views to me. The problem is not the act of copying but the act of lying. The problem with lying is that it reduces trust, the problem with reducing trust is that it reduces the value of the networks we used to find things that are useful and the people who have the expertise to make them. Identity is crucial to trust and trust is what adds value to networks. Very few things reduce the value of web based networks more effectively than lying about identity.
We will never build a perfect system that solves this problem. My belief though is that it will be more effective to build strong social and technical systems rather than to apply the rules of “ownership†to my name. Do I own my name? No idea. Will I defend my name and ask others to help me do that if someone attacks it? Yes. Will I use the best technical systems to try to be clear about who I am in all the places where I act? Well I could do better on this, but then a lot of us could really. I will work to build trust in my name, in my brand if you like, and if that trust is attacked I will defend it.
So where does this leave the story of Ricardo’s logo? Well the first point was the plagiarism of the image. This breaks the link between the image and the author which reduces its use to Ricardo. The lack of attribution means that people who think “what a cool logo†will not be able to find Ricardo to do them a cool logo of their own. But it is not the copying per se which does the damage but the plagiarism, the lack of attribution. Arguably, as the community leaps to Ricardo’s defence (and points out what a cool logo it is) he actually benefits from a raised profile across a wider community. I had seen a few examples of his work before but hadn’t realised how many he had done and how good they are. Ricardo pointed out in the original Friendfeed thread that the reason the image was copyright was that he was making a living at the time from design. It is not inconceivable he may be better placed to do that now than he was before the logo was misappropriated. That is for Ricardo to decide though, not me.
Does the use of the logo by a company selling hokum misrepresent Ricardo? Well given they didn’t attribute it to him not directly. But let’s imagine that the image was CC-BY and that the company did attribute it. Arguably Ricardo would not want to be associated with that and that would be fair enough but there wouldn’t be anything he could do about it from a legal perspective. Because the image is actually copyright all rights reserved he can prevent these kinds of re-use. Or can at least in principle. He retains control in a way that CC-BY licenses do not allow. My argument is that to legally defend this position would take much more money and energy than clearly and publically distancing yourself from the re-use of the work. And probably wouldn’t be much more effective. Furthermore my argument is that the good that comes from allowing re-use outweighs the bad. The re-use of your work actually gives you a platform to distance yourself from that re-use if you so choose. Once that is made clear it is just more good publicity for you.
More importantly if you believe, as I do, in the value of allowing re-use then you cannot reasonably pick and choose who and what re-uses are appropriate. Consistency requires that you allow re-use that you do and do not disagree with. I may not approve of that re-use, and it is perfectly reasonable to say so, but that gives me no right to object. To mis-quote Hall channelling Voltaire “I disagree with the way you have re-used my work, but I will defend your right to do so and the value you add by doing it †– and no I will not defend it to the death. I don’t take it that seriously…
Glad to read your further thoughts here. It is a complex issue–if you want open science (and a Web 2.0 revolution in general), then the real currency one has is one’s reputation and identity. And a logo or a brand or a name are parts of that identity, and it’s worrisome to see them re-used, particularly for nefarious purposes as was the case here. If they had swiped say, an image from a dataset, no harm-no foul, but when you start messing with someone’s reputation, then it becomes problematic.
The other question I meant to ask–you’ve got your blog entries listed as being under a CC license, one that requires attribution and a similar level of sharing. What would your reaction be to find someone re-using your material, but not attributing it, nor sharing it? You’d probably be annoyed, much like the person who deliberately put a specific license (copyright) on the logo that was re-used here. If we want people to respect our licensing choices, we must also respect the choices made by others, even if we see them as counter-productive.
Glad to read your further thoughts here. It is a complex issue–if you want open science (and a Web 2.0 revolution in general), then the real currency one has is one’s reputation and identity. And a logo or a brand or a name are parts of that identity, and it’s worrisome to see them re-used, particularly for nefarious purposes as was the case here. If they had swiped say, an image from a dataset, no harm-no foul, but when you start messing with someone’s reputation, then it becomes problematic.
The other question I meant to ask–you’ve got your blog entries listed as being under a CC license, one that requires attribution and a similar level of sharing. What would your reaction be to find someone re-using your material, but not attributing it, nor sharing it? You’d probably be annoyed, much like the person who deliberately put a specific license (copyright) on the logo that was re-used here. If we want people to respect our licensing choices, we must also respect the choices made by others, even if we see them as counter-productive.
Cameron,
One of those rare times that I disagree. I don’t mind my stuff being re-used which is why I release content under a CC-BY license (as opposed to a copy left one). But there is a mechanism in place which encourages share and re-use. All you ask from people is for some responsibility and common courtesy to respect the creators wishes. It’s one thing if you’re already locked out, but not if you have options. There is also fair use, which makes certain content and images OK under certain conditions and not in others.
I understand where we are going, and share many of the same underlying principles, but we are building frameworks that allow us to share, re-use and remix. Moving away from that is anarchy. Open Science, open anything breaks down unless you have some basic principles in place.
Cameron,
One of those rare times that I disagree. I don’t mind my stuff being re-used which is why I release content under a CC-BY license (as opposed to a copy left one). But there is a mechanism in place which encourages share and re-use. All you ask from people is for some responsibility and common courtesy to respect the creators wishes. It’s one thing if you’re already locked out, but not if you have options. There is also fair use, which makes certain content and images OK under certain conditions and not in others.
I understand where we are going, and share many of the same underlying principles, but we are building frameworks that allow us to share, re-use and remix. Moving away from that is anarchy. Open Science, open anything breaks down unless you have some basic principles in place.
David, absolutely. I have little argument with what you have written. If there is anywhere where I think there might be a place for strict enforcement it is around identity and brand. I am almost even prepared to accept that there is a useful place for trademarks :) I probably shouldn’t have ducked the issue moral rights in the original post but I did so because it was complicated and I don’t have any simple answers.
But I still beleive that the real crime here was not “theft” but misattribution. I don’t think I have ever said that others could not consistently hold a belief that it is theft but have tried to explain why I don’t think it should be treated that way.
The CC-BY-SA license is a good point actually. This not being my site I stuck with the licence that was set up originally. By choice I would probably now make it CC-BY or CC0. Nonetheless people do re-use my stuff all over the place, with and without attribution. Yes it annoys me when I feel it is done without proper attribution, but what I’ve tried to explain is the reasons it annoys me are to do with attribution, not the use per se, and that my approach to dealing with it is either to ask people to stop, roll with the punches and take the bad with the good, or to publically complain about the lack of attribution (or misattribution) if it is an extreme case. But not to complain about the re-use itself (sorry if I’m labouring that point, but it is becoming obvious to me that I can’t have made myself terribly clear)
I try very hard to respect people’s wishes regardless of what licences they choose to use or requests they choose to make. This to be frank is a pain in the backside sometimes because it wastes my time trying to generate a new non-copyright image when I could re-use the original and probably actually add a little value back by attributing it. If I make mistakes I hope people will point them out and I will do my best to correct them as quickly as possible. It is very important to me to try to be consistent and I hope and expect people will call me on it when I’m not.
David, absolutely. I have little argument with what you have written. If there is anywhere where I think there might be a place for strict enforcement it is around identity and brand. I am almost even prepared to accept that there is a useful place for trademarks :) I probably shouldn’t have ducked the issue moral rights in the original post but I did so because it was complicated and I don’t have any simple answers.
But I still beleive that the real crime here was not “theft” but misattribution. I don’t think I have ever said that others could not consistently hold a belief that it is theft but have tried to explain why I don’t think it should be treated that way.
The CC-BY-SA license is a good point actually. This not being my site I stuck with the licence that was set up originally. By choice I would probably now make it CC-BY or CC0. Nonetheless people do re-use my stuff all over the place, with and without attribution. Yes it annoys me when I feel it is done without proper attribution, but what I’ve tried to explain is the reasons it annoys me are to do with attribution, not the use per se, and that my approach to dealing with it is either to ask people to stop, roll with the punches and take the bad with the good, or to publically complain about the lack of attribution (or misattribution) if it is an extreme case. But not to complain about the re-use itself (sorry if I’m labouring that point, but it is becoming obvious to me that I can’t have made myself terribly clear)
I try very hard to respect people’s wishes regardless of what licences they choose to use or requests they choose to make. This to be frank is a pain in the backside sometimes because it wastes my time trying to generate a new non-copyright image when I could re-use the original and probably actually add a little value back by attributing it. If I make mistakes I hope people will point them out and I will do my best to correct them as quickly as possible. It is very important to me to try to be consistent and I hope and expect people will call me on it when I’m not.
Deepak, don’t disagree with any of this. In a perfect world everything would be public domain, everyone would be respectful of the context and the wishes of authors and everyone would contribute to the cost of producing the next thing that they needed.
In the somewhat less perfect world that we actually live in there needs to be a balance. But do we build the framework based on principles or on needing to enforce the desired behaviour? And that is not a rhetorical question, I am actually interested in what is the best answer in practice.
But the fundamental principle is one of respect. So if I take my view to its logical extreme, the value of CC licences is not their legal basis but the community norms that have grown up around them. I suppose I have to take the view that the fact they are based on property law is unfortunate but necessary to provide enough teeth to encourage the growth of that general respect.
Deepak, don’t disagree with any of this. In a perfect world everything would be public domain, everyone would be respectful of the context and the wishes of authors and everyone would contribute to the cost of producing the next thing that they needed.
In the somewhat less perfect world that we actually live in there needs to be a balance. But do we build the framework based on principles or on needing to enforce the desired behaviour? And that is not a rhetorical question, I am actually interested in what is the best answer in practice.
But the fundamental principle is one of respect. So if I take my view to its logical extreme, the value of CC licences is not their legal basis but the community norms that have grown up around them. I suppose I have to take the view that the fact they are based on property law is unfortunate but necessary to provide enough teeth to encourage the growth of that general respect.
I agree with the course of action you would take if somebody misappropriated your content sans attribution. The logo from infodiva.com was re-used by a “rougue” information consultant and I’ve been working through the exact same steps. I’ve only gotten through step one at this point, but intend to do the rest. I hesitate to follow through, however, because I’m debating internally whether or not discussing the situation on my blog would give too much attention and possible linkage to the perpetrator. Then there’s the emotional and opportunity cost of continuing engagement with the situation. After all, by putting stuff out there as CC, you’re vulnerable to misuse. And I agree with you that is the risk one takes by making the stuff you put out there copy-able. Is it worth the time it takes to combat the people who use your stuff in ways you don’t like? I don’t think so. Life’s too short. So I procrastinate at the follow through.
Lot’s to mull over. Thanks for the great post on what is sure to become a bigger issue as the web grows.
I agree with the course of action you would take if somebody misappropriated your content sans attribution. The logo from infodiva.com was re-used by a “rougue” information consultant and I’ve been working through the exact same steps. I’ve only gotten through step one at this point, but intend to do the rest. I hesitate to follow through, however, because I’m debating internally whether or not discussing the situation on my blog would give too much attention and possible linkage to the perpetrator. Then there’s the emotional and opportunity cost of continuing engagement with the situation. After all, by putting stuff out there as CC, you’re vulnerable to misuse. And I agree with you that is the risk one takes by making the stuff you put out there copy-able. Is it worth the time it takes to combat the people who use your stuff in ways you don’t like? I don’t think so. Life’s too short. So I procrastinate at the follow through.
Lot’s to mull over. Thanks for the great post on what is sure to become a bigger issue as the web grows.
I think the problem of identity is one of the most troublesome problems we have too face when we wanna use the internet to build an open science community.But it seems that this problem will never be solved if we use Blogs to share scientific data. I think we need a special designed platform when sharing scientific data and new discovery.
I think the problem of identity is one of the most troublesome problems we have too face when we wanna use the internet to build an open science community.But it seems that this problem will never be solved if we use Blogs to share scientific data. I think we need a special designed platform when sharing scientific data and new discovery.